Poultry Viscera and Other Offal

[TicTac]

52 minutes ago, liuzhou said:

Wait till you get a bitter one, then tell me it's a waste of time.

 

Simmering hearts seems like a waste to me. Fry the fellas as nature intended! That's why they have the fat surrounding them.

30+ years of eating the buggers and no bitter ones yet.

 

Pretty sure mother nature had no intention of having her flying friends hearts fried - at any point 😛   I have had them grilled; from a raw state ( @ many Japanese izakaya joints ) but believe they are best treated braised/boiled first, and then grilled - similar to octopus. 

 

 

 

 

[Tropicalsenior]

3 minutes ago, TicTac said:

her flying friends hearts fried

I've only ever had them fried. But you're right about them being like octopus. Either cook them quickly or braise them for hours. Anything in between is like shoe leather.

[liuzhou]

I seem to detect a bit of a sense of humour failure somewhere.

 

I cook squid for one minute or one hour, never between the two. Usually, the former. But I suspect squid don't count as poultry. 

[Tropicalsenior]

2 minutes ago, liuzhou said:

sense of humour failure

Maybe so, but it is also the reason that there are some types of seafood that I would never order in a restaurant. All it takes is one minute too much and you might as well order that shoe leather.

[liuzhou]

6 minutes ago, Tropicalsenior said:

Maybe so, but it is also the reason that there are some types of seafood that I would never order in a restaurant. All it takes is one minute too much and you might as well order that shoe leather.

 

Agreed. I never order squid in restaurants because its my favourite. And I clean and briefly fry my poultry hearts because that is how I prefer them, although I will buy them grilled from some of the street food charcoal grill people.

[Tropicalsenior]

25 minutes ago, liuzhou said:

I will buy them grilled from some of the street food charcoal grill people.

From the time that my grandson was about 2 years old, one of his favorite places in the Pike Place Market in Seattle was the stall of a Chinese woman that sold chicken livers, gizzards, and hearts battered and deep fried. He is now 46 years old and one of his favorite places to go now for lunch is Pike Place Market and he is still buying chicken livers and hearts from her and she loves to tell everyone around how he has been coming there since he was a cute little curly-headed boy.

Edited December 12, 2022 by Tropicalsenior (log)

[TicTac]

1 hour ago, liuzhou said:

I seem to detect a bit of a sense of humour failure somewhere.

 

I cook squid for one minute or one hour, never between the two. Usually, the former. But I suspect squid don't count as poultry. 

Maybe your detector needs new batteries?!

 

They certainly are not - Nor are any of their hearts worthy of dissection!

[liuzhou]

Moving on, I’m going to guess everyone knows how to deal with chicken livers. In fact you probably know a lot of uses that I don’t. However, I am wondering how many people have ventured outside the chicken coop.

 

Chicken Livers

 

Here we get chicken livers (鸡肝 - jī gān), but also easily available are duck livers (鸭肝 - yā gān). In fact, some vendors mix them together; they taste so alike it doesn’t really matter. We also see pigeon livers (鸽肝 - gē gān) and even tiny quail livers (鹌鹑干 - ān chún gān). Going to the other extreme, goose liver (鹅肝 - é gān) is also available.

 

Uncleaned Duck Livers

 

These livers are normally fried or grilled as snacks and added to hotpots etc. Fried rice with diced livers are not uncommon. The interwebs are full of recipes for “Chinese Chicken Liver”, but nearly all are western adaptations and unknown in China.

 

Pigeon Livers

 

Goose Liver Fried Rice

 

I often serve them (chicken and duck livers) with pasta and, of course, make liver pâté but none of my friends know what it is. It is made in Hong Kong, probably due to the foreign influence.

 

Chicken Liver Pâté and Toast

 

Talking of goose livers, China is now producing foie gras (酱鹅肝 (jiàng é gān) or 鹅肝酱 (é gān jiàng)) by the French method for the luxury market, although in very limited quantities – about one twentieth of what France produces. French and other imports are also available, but pricy. Japanese restaurants (all Chinese owned here in Liuzhou) often have excellent goose liver sushi.

 

French Foie Gras Imported to China

 

Foie Gras and Toast

 

Goose Liver Sushi

 

 

Edited December 13, 2022 by liuzhou (log)

[liuzhou]

In the lists of available poultry viscera, there is a notable omission from nearly all. Have you ever seen the birds’ kidneys? This invisibility has led many people to assume these birds don’t have kidneys, but that is false. They do. So where are they?

 

Well, for a start, poultry kidneys are not normally the usual bean shape, but elongated strings attached to either side of the backbone. They are very small compared to say, the livers and difficult to harvest from the bird. I often get them when butchering a whole duck and scrape them out as a chef’s treat. But to collect them for a meal would be tedious, so they are seldom available.

 

However, when I search the online shopping apps for ‘duck kidneys’ or ‘chicken kidneys‘ I get plenty of results. The problem is that what they are showing me is not kidneys, but gizzards. I’m not sure why. They look very different and have different names in Chinese, too! Kidneys are 腰 (yāo) or 肾 (shèn) while gizzards are most commonly 胗 (zhēn).

 

Chicken Gizzards

 

Gizzards have nothing to do with kidneys. In poultry, the kidneys process urine and, as birds lack bladders, pass that straight to the exit point, known as the cloaca. There is a good, non-gory diagram of a birds digestive system here.

 

The gizzard is the bird’s second stomach. The first stomach, the proventriculus, provides the chemical secretions needed to partially break down the food. This then passes into the gizzard, also known as the ventriculus or ‘muscular stomach’, which does the job of the teeth in other animals. As you know hen’s teeth are rare!

 

Duck Gizzards

 

The gizzard is a powerful muscle which grinds the food such as seeds. If in need of more chemical treatment, the food can be passed back to the proventriculus for another dose of chemical action. In order to help the gizzard grind the food, many, but not all, birds also swallow grit and small stones, known as gastroliths, for their abrasive qualities. Most poultry birds do so. Remember this when preparing gizzards for the table. You don’t want to break a tooth on a gastrolith.

 

Incidentally, gizzards are not only found in birds. Crocodiles and alligators have them, as do some fish and crustaceans. Earthworms are 99% gizzard!

 

Gizzards are eaten as widely around the world as poultry livers, if not more so. In SE Asia, they are often grilled and sold in night street markets, In fact, the last time I ate any was in Vietnam.

 

They are eaten across Europe. In France, duck gizzards are eaten in a traditional salad, along with walnuts, croutons and lettuce. Portugal stews them in fresh tomato sauce, while Spain cooks them on the plancha grill.

 

Across Africa, gizzards are prized, usually grilled or fried.

 

The USA also likes a good gizzard, especially, I’m told, in the southern states. According to Wikipedia,

 

Quote

Pickled turkey gizzards are a traditional food in some parts of the Midwestern United States. In Chicago, gizzard is battered, deep fried and served with French fries and sauce. In the Southern United States, the gizzard is typically served fried, sometimes eaten with hot sauce or honey mustard, or added to crawfish boil along with crawfish sauce, and it is also used in traditional New Orleans gumbo.

 

True?

 

Mexico serves chicken gizzards with beans and tortillas for breakfast.

 

But I think it is in Asia that they are most appreciated and are used in most ways.

 

Here in Mainland China, Wuhan, where Covid was first detected, is noted for its duck gizzard dish, 久久鸭 (jiǔ jiǔ yā) and Sichuan is known for its inventiveness with and the number of gizzard dishes on offer. But they are served across the country. Taiwan has its fried gizzard on sticks and also slow cooks them.

 

In Indonesia, it is rare to be served fried chicken without getting its gizzard too. Japan has gizzard yakatori. Gizzard adobo is a common meal in the Philippines and grilled gizzards a popular street food.

 

久久鸭 (jiǔ jiǔ yā) translates as ‘a long time duck’, surely a reference to the fact that these things take a lot of cooking, unlike most offal. For this reason, I have only ever cleaned and cooked them once. Too much faff! I now only eat them when someone else does the hard work.
 

Most recipes call for long, slow cooking to tenderise this strong muscle and even fried or grilled gizzards are often partially cooked by braising or boiling first. 

 

Here is a YouTube video of a Nepalese preparation, although the general principles apply everywhere.

 

 

Edited December 17, 2023 by liuzhou (log)

[liuzhou]

Things are about to get bloody.

 

For decades, everywhere I’ve gone, I’ve kept half an eye open for one particular ingredient. Fortunately, I’ve seldom been disappointed. It’s an ingredient used worldwide, albeit in differing amounts in different places. East Asia uses it a lot; North America very little. Both my homelands, the UK and France use it fairly liberally. I’ve eaten it on four continents and the only reason it’s not more is that I’ve only been to four. The others have and use it, too.

 

Not all of it is poultry related; in fact most isn’t, but there’s still plenty left for poultry enthusiasts to be seek out. I’ll start right here in China, where its use is possibly most widespread. I am, of course, talking about the sustainer of life itself, so important that our language is full of metaphors using its name. The very life blood of society.

 

Chicken's Blood.

 

I was virtually brought up eating marag dhubh, the Scots Gaelic for black pudding. I’ve eaten blood sausage / black pudding from England, France, Germany, Italy, North Korea, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Poland and Austria and I’ve missed some out. However, none of those feature here as none that I’ve had used poultry blood. Pigs’ yes, mostly. But also cattle, horse, deer and camel blood. Poultry livers often turn up in sausages, but not, so far as I can tell, blood.

 

I’ve eaten blood pancakes in Scandinavia; raw duck blood salad in Laos; sangrecita, Peruvian fried chicken’s blood in Jamaica (!); torta di sanguinaccio, a pastry made using chocolate and blood in Italy; pork blood phở in Hanoi; yaks’ blood on the Tibetan plateau; гематоге́н, Hematogen a sweet nutrition bar containing bull’s blood in Russia. I’m resolutely haematophagous.

 

But first let me say why we should consume blood unless we have strong religious or ethical taboos against doing so.

 

Number one, it is highly nutritious, being rich in rich in protein and minerals such as iron, and in Vitamin D.

 

Number two, it makes solid economic sense. It is said that Denmark for example, a relatively small country, has around 24 million pigs, 4 for every person. Around 25,000 are slaughtered every day just in one small country, yet almost all of that blood is thrown away – up to 4.5 kg per pig. What a total waste.

 

Number three, once people get over their often irrational aversion to eating it, most people find that blood is delicious. Full of flavour of its own and useful not only as a nutrient, but as a thickener and flavour enhancer to other ingredients.

 

Duck's Blood

 

Blood from chicken and duck bloods are the most commonly used among poultry, but also turkey, goose, ostrich and emu are enjoyed in various places.

 

Blood congeals rapidly on contact with air which is partly why we don’t bleed to death when we have a minor cut, but it also means that, unless it is very fresh, blood is usually consumed in a semi-solid state. This coagulation process can be slowed down by adding an acid, usually vinegar, or speeded up by gently heating the blood.

 

Coagulated Chicken's Blood - This the blood from thefirst picture after half an hour.

 

I can’t tell you where to buy poultry blood or if it’s even possible in your location; probably asking poultry farmers could lead to a supply. Be sure, though that it is fresh. Frozen blood is sometimes sold in Asian markets. Avoid it. The freezing alters its structure and thawed frozen blood tastes bloody awful. Dried blood is also available, but not poultry blood, so far as I can see. Anyway, it wouldn't be suitable for many of the dishes we are going to see.

 

I am lucky here in that in the very first Chinese market I visited, in Xi’an, there was a woman behind a trestle table covered in whole and sectioned chickens. To one side were plastic rice bowls full of fresh blood for sale. Nearby was another table , this one covered in ducks and bits of ducks and again, the blood, both liquid and congealed. And every market I’ve been in since (hundreds) has been the same. Chicken and duck blood is also sold in some supermarkets.

 

Having grabbed your blood, what to do with it? For now I’ll say some of the ways it is used here and in neighbouring countries and in another post, maybe tomorrow, I’ll look at the wider picture.

 

Solid, congealed blood, known as 血豆腐 (xuè dòu fu), blood tofu, usually made from duck’s blood, is often added to soups and cubed to hot pots. It contains no tofu, but is so-named because the texture is similar to that of tofu. Blood and seaweed soup is a favourite as is blood egg drop soup. Chicken’s blood (鸡血 - jī xuè) is used as a thickener in many dishes.

 

血豆腐 - "Blood Tofu" - Congealed Duck's Blood

 

Not at all famous is my own invention, chicken meat, duck's blood and Tonkin jasmine soup.

 

Chicken, Duck's Blood and Tonkin Jasmine Soup

 

However, one of Shanghai’s most famous dishes is 鸡鸭血汤 (jī yā xuè tāng), duck and chicken’s blood soup made by boiling the blood with chicken offal and other body parts. It is spicy and slightly sour. Shanghai people regard it both as a food and a medicine.

 

全州醋血鸭 (quán zhōu cù xuè yā) - Quanzhou ‘vinegar blood duck’ is a local Guangxi dish, derived from a Hunanese dish. A young duck is chopped on the bone and stir fried with garlic, ginger, chilli, bitter melon, sesame and peanuts and finished in a rich sauce made from the bird’s blood and vinegar. Served with green vegetables of choice and rice, it makes for a delicious lunch or instead can be served as part of a larger family style meal. The vinegar cuts the richness of the blood, whereas the blood limits the astringency of the vinegar, leaving the duck tender and juicy, but not at all greasy.

 

全州醋血鸭 - Quanzhou ‘vinegar blood duck’

 

毛血旺 (máo xuè wàng) is a well-known Sichuan soup dish consisting of duck's blood with beef tripe, chicken gizzard and other offal simmered in a broth made with Sichuan peppercorn and chillies. It is appreciated for its several different textures - silky, chewy, crisp.

 

毛血旺 - Mao Xue Wang - Image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Tomorrow the rest of the world and poultry blood.

Edited October 6 by liuzhou (log)

[Anna N]

11 hours ago, liuzhou said:

Have you ever seen the birds’ kidneys?

Our whole (cleaned) birds often come with a warning, ”May contain kidneys”! 

[liuzhou]

2 minutes ago, Anna N said:

Our whole (cleaned) birds often come with a warning, ”May contain kidneys”! 

 

...but have you found them?

 

I guess they are warning you because it's too much trouble to remove them.

Edited December 13, 2022 by liuzhou (log)

[Anna N]

4 minutes ago, liuzhou said:

 

...but have you found them?

 

I guess they are warning you because it's too much trouble to remove them.

Yes, they are very visible, but hardly harvestable. At this point, they appear to be merely clotted blood. Yes, I am sure they are warning us so that we don’t go running back to the store complaining about the anatomy of the chicken being something amiss and demanding our money back.🙃  

[liuzhou]

2 minutes ago, Anna N said:

Yes, they are very visible, but hardly harvestable. At this point, they appear to be merely clotted blood. Yes, I am sure they are warning us so that we don’t go running back to the store complaining about the anatomy of the chicken being something amiss and demanding our money back.🙃  

 

Exactly. They look like clotted blood. I wish I'd used that expression!

[Anna N]

I knew I had been somewhere that served duck blood soup. 
Here.
 

As you see the first item on the menu was duck soup.

Czarnina

Traditional Polish duck soup filled with prunes, raisins, and kluski

Being a great fan of duck I wanted to know a little more about this. Patris who seems to have an encyclopedic knowledge of everything said that traditionally it was made with duck blood. Sorry people but I'm not that adventurous. However we decided to check with our server. When asked if the soup contained duck blood she shook her head and said oh no no. Cheered by the thought of having some duck soup I was about to order when she added, "Now we use beef blood!"

This established the mood of the meal as we all burst out laughing it went downhill from there.

[lemniscate]

1 hour ago, Anna N said:

Czarnina

I grew up eating that, with the duck blood.  We kids called it Chocolate Soup due to its color.   My maternal Grandfather always was served the fruit in his bowl.  I never knew there was fruit in czarnina until adulthood because I never saw it in my bowl.  Ours was served over macaroni and with a splash of vinegar.  I have a  memory of accompanying my Grandmother to a side of Chene-Ferry market where a woman sold live poultry and would dispatch the duck and collect the blood in a jar.   That's a very old, yet vivid memory.  Still ate the soup happily after the duck was done for.

 

There was a place out of Buffalo that you could order a czarnina kit with the duck blood, not sure if that's feasible anymore.  

Real czarnina would be my wish for my death row last meal.

Edited December 13, 2022 by lemniscate
with to would (log)

[Anna N]

1 hour ago, lemniscate said:

I grew up eating that

Thanks for sharing your memories. I grew up eating black (blood sausage)  pudding, tripe and onions, tongue, kidneys, canned corned beef and probably all sorts of other things, I am not so keen on some of them any more. 

[liuzhou]

2 hours ago, Anna N said:

Thanks for sharing your memories. I grew up eating black (blood sausage)  pudding, tripe and onions, tongue, kidneys, canned corned beef and probably all sorts of other things, I am not so keen on some of them any more. 

 

Apart from the canned corn beef, I still eat everything on your list, especially the blood sausage and kidneys.

[FeChef]

On 12/12/2022 at 11:32 AM, liuzhou said:

Wait till you get a bitter one, then tell me it's a waste of time.

 

Simmering hearts seems like a waste to me. Fry the fellas as nature intended! That's why they have the fat surrounding them.

Pretty sure nature ate them as is, doubt nature removed veins. I am in the long simmer camp. So tender and flavorful if simmered long enough.

Edited December 14, 2022 by FeChef (log)

[liuzhou]

@Anna N @lemniscate

 

I do love a recipe that starts

 

Quote

Kill the duck quickly and cleanly and sever the head. Catch the blood in a glass or ceramic bowl.

 

Here is a recipe for czarnina (which does include the dried fruit). After the recipe is a short reminiscence of growing up with the dish. I like a story wth my recipes, not that I'm likely ever to make this. It's a lot of work, especially for an old man living alone!

 

Czarnina - Image by MOs810, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Edited December 15, 2022 by liuzhou (log)

[btbyrd]

Grilled chicken hearts are one of my favorites. I'd totally eat them more often if I could source them locally. Hearts can get tough if you overcook them though, but I've found a good workaround for that. I learned it from the "Next: Taste of Thailand" eBook. Briefly, you cook the hearts sous vide for 5 hours at 90C. This renders the fat and tenderizes the tough muscle tissue. Then you cool them down, trim any excess fat, and sear them over very hot charcoal. Tasty, tender, and delicious!

[liuzhou]

15 minutes ago, btbyrd said:

Briefly, you cook the hearts sous vide for 5 hours

 

Isn't that a contradiction in itself?

[Katie Meadow]

My mother liked chicken hearts, but I don't remember her ever buying them in bulk. I used to eat the stray one here and there when they came in the chicken, but then I got a dog. Her appreciation way outstripped mine.

[liuzhou]

Some Highlights of Poultry Blood around the World

 

1. EUROPE

 

I guess the most well-known dish to use chicken blood is the French classic, coq au vin, which is traditionally thickened with the cockerel’s blood, although most modern recipes omit it – their loss.

 

In Portugal, they favour cabidela, a dish of chicken and rice, traditionally cooked with the chicken’s blood. It can be the consistency of a pilau or thinner and more like a risotto depending on the cook. For this you want the best quality chicken you can find and afford. And, of course, you also want the blood, which may not be so easy. Get close to your local poultry farmer!

 

Cabidela - Image by Jpatokal, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

 

Sweden has a very old, traditional dish, svartsoppa, literally ‘black soup’ (not to be confused with ärtsoppa, a yellow pea soup.) Svartsoppa is made using goose blood and usually served at a festival on St Martin’s Eve, especially in Skåne in Southern Sweden. It is normally served at the beginning of a full goose dinner with the roasted bird to follow.

 

Svartsoppa - Image by Andreas Nilsson, licensed by Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

 

In Andalusia in Southern Spain, especially in Seville, you will find la sangre encebollada, ‘blood with onions’, also known as la sangre frita, ‘fried blood’. Traditionally, the ingredients are chicken blood, onions, garlic, white wine, olive oil, black pepper and bay leaf. The congealed blood is cut into small cubes and the onions and garlic poached in the oil until brown, then the blood and bay leaf is added. The pot is stirred and the wine added along with salt and pepper. The wine should cover the ingredients, so if there is not enough, it can be topped up with water. The dish is then simmered until the liquids all but gone. Non-traditionally, pig’s blood is sometimes used as it is easier to source.

 

La Sangre Encebollada - Image by Xemenendura, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Staying in Spain, but this time in Valencia, we find sang amb ceba served in tapas bars or as a sharing plate in restaurants. This too is chicken blood with onions, but this time the garlic and onions are fried until half done, then the cubed blood is added along with finely cubed red bell pepper and thyme. It is further cooked until the onion is transparent and then served.

 

Sang  Amb Seba - Image by Joanbanjo, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

 

On the other side of Europe, in Belarus, they partake in chornaja poliwka, a soup made of duck or goose blood and clear broth, while Poland has its czarzina or czerzina as discussed in the last post.

 

Juka is another soup from the Dzūkija region of southern Lithuania. It can be made using goose, duck, or chicken blood.

 

...to be continued

Edited December 15, 2022 by liuzhou (log)

[liuzhou]

Some Highlights of Poultry Blood around the World

 

2. SOUTH-EAST ASIA

 

Much of SE Asia has been influenced by Chinese cuisine and poultry blood appears there, too. It is often used in noodle dishes in Thailand, home to China’s largest and oldest emigrant population. In Bangkok’s famous Don Wai floating market you wind past pots of congealed duck blood and, should you stop for a bite, among the dishes on offer are noodles with spicy duck blood or plates of stewed blood to have with rice. The spices used are very reminiscent of those in 5-spice powder, showing the Chinese influence.

 

In 2015, chicken’s blood was briefly banned by the Thai government after around 100 people suffered food poisoning in Changmai after eating the popular dish ข้าวมันไก่ (khao man gai, a Thai version of Hainanese Chicken) infected with the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. After investigating, the authorities announced that the outbreak had been caused by the dish having been cooked then left sitting around for hours waiting for someone to order it. I have few rules about my restaurant eating, but I never eat dishes that are pre-cooked and laid out buffet style in Asia.

 

Khao Man Gai - Image by Calliopejen, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license.

 

The authorities stressed that the dish, which often contains chicken blood tofu (see above) must only be served when freshly made and hot. A Dr. Sopon Mekthon of the Department of Disease Control confirmed Vibrio parahaemolyticus had been found only in the chicken blood tofu. People could still eat chicken but should avoid blood tofu, which is not sterilised. He also recommended that cooks use separate knives and chopping blocks for chicken blood tofu from other equipment to prevent food poisoning.

 

Neighbouring Laos sensibly prefers its ducks. ລາບ (laab, larb, larp, laap, larp or lahb all are alternative spellings), meaning 'salad', is the national dish in Laos and laab baeng pet or colloquially ‘paeng pet’ is a kind of duck salad with blood. It comes in two versions, cooked or raw. The people of Laos have a love of raw meats and prepare the salad with raw duck meat, not somewhere I advise you to follow. The cooked version of the salad also contains raw duck blood but give it a go. It is an amazingly delicious dish and you’ll soon stop worrying about what you are eating. The dish also contains minced / ground duck meat and copious amounts of fresh herbs. Finished with peanuts, green onions, chopped chillies, and crispy fried shallots, this is a dish to remember. True heroes will cover their dish of laab with freshly squeezed lime juice – the limes are there on your table waiting, then take a raw chilli (also waiting) and dip it into the shrimp paste provided to consume as a chaser.

 

Lab Baeng Pet - licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

 

In Malaysia, curry mee often contains duck blood, although in some places, especially Penang, they use pig blood instead. Check, if that is an issue for you. The dish is made with rice noodles in a spicy broth with coconut milk and seafood along with cubes of coagulated duck blood.

 

Last but far from least, Vietnam also uses blood extensively. It features in noodles from Hue, the ancient capital, and they have their own version of blood sausage, similar to the French boudin they encountered in colonial times. Blood congee is sometimes eaten for breakfast. But their most famous poultry blood dish has to be tiết canh vịt or duck soup made by mincing duck neck (including the bone) and boiling that with the bird’s liver, gizzards and anything else they find inside except the muscle flesh. It is finished with the duck’s blood which has been kept liquid by the addition of lemon juice and nam pla, fish sauce. The bright neon-red soup also contains grilled onion, saw-leaf herb, basil, lemon leaves, and chilli and is topped with the boiled liver and peanuts. As ever in Vietnam, it will be served with a side of green herbs and lemon.

 

Tiết Canh Vịt -  Image by Petr and Bara Ruzicka, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

 

I miss Vietnamese food so much!

 

...to be continued

Edited December 15, 2022 by liuzhou (log)