There's books that teach principles like Beards theory and practice or Colicchios Think Like a Chef. I love both.
Then the big compendiums like Joy of C or Bittman. I love neither.
And the gigantic CIA text which does both pretty well.
ETA...I forgot Pepin's stuff and the old NYT cookbook and both of Bourdain's cookbooks
Of all of them, I think I learn the most from Think Like a Chef.