"On the left is what looks like broccoli rabe, and I think it is extremely close to that." This is Gai Lan. Also known as Chinese Broccoli. Very Yummy. "What I am not sure about is the thing in the middle... a sponge gourd, perhaps?" This one is Bitter Melon. I have seen this used in a dish where it is cut into pieces about 2 inches long, hollowed, stuff with meat and then poached.