Instead of fish sauce, I've used a substitute made of fermented black beans (soybeans, not black turtle beans), miso, sherry, and soy sauce. Here is the recipe for Jonathan Kandell's fish sauce substituted that was posted in rec.food.cooking: http://groups.google.com/groups?q=kandell+...zona.EDU&rnum=4 (I've also used hoisin sauce at times.) To be upfront about it, being a vegetarian, I don't quite know what flavor I'm going for in a fish sauce substitute but I figure it's something fermented and pungent. By the way, rec.food.cooking also has a wonderful recipe for pad thai by Keith Rickert. The story was that the dish was so good that he received marriage proposals. I do the fish sauce substitution and also substitute sauteed tofu for the meat. Since I eat eggs, those aren't a problem. jayne