I mentioned these briefly in passing back in the depths of this topic but for some reason, I hadn't bought one for a long time, until yesterday. It is 香瓜 (xiāng guā), meaning fragrant melon. It is a type of Cucumis melo, although that family contains many types of melon including honeydew and cantaloupe.
These are more specifically Cucumis melo Makuwa Group , which still contains several cultivars, but all similar in taste and general size, although varying in shape and colour: green as here but also yellow and white skinned. Sometimes, called Oriental Melons.
The are believed to be native to Eastern India and then came to China via the Silk Road. From China, they were introduced to Japan and Korea, where they remain extremely popular.
In Japanese, they are 真桑瓜 or まくわうり (makuwa uri); in Korean, 참외 (chamoe).
They are rather less sweet than most melons you may be used to: somewhere between melon and cucumber. The skin is also edible.
This one weighs 417 g / 14.08 oz.
