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Hi, I'd promised to post this recipe for pressure cooker flan. It's the way all Mexican flan has been made since Nestle invented their recipe for Flan Magico as they called it. this was, I think, in the 1960s, though I'd have to check. It is denser than French creme caramel. That is popular in Mexico because it means you can add pureed fruit, nuts, or other flavorings to make a zillion variations. The plain remains the most popular though so far as I can tell. Rachel Flan The signature dessert of Mexico. Condensed milk makes a wonderful flan. For those who worry about using a canned ingredient, it is worth remembering that Mexicans have been boiling down sugar with milk to make cajeta (Mexican dulce de leche) and fudges since at least the eighteenth century. The cans simply offer a handy short cut. In this recipe, the pressure cooker is not used to speed things up but because it makes a smoother flan than one cooked in the oven. 1 cup sugar 4 eggs 1 cup sweetened condensed milk 1 cup fresh milk 1 teaspoon vanilla extract Place the sugar in a metal flan mold or a 9 inch ring mold and heat over a low flame until the sugar turns brown and caramelizes. Stir constantly so that the mixture covers the bottom and sides of the mold. Allow to cool for an hour. Blend the rest of the ingredients, pour into the mold, and cover with flan lid or aluminum foil. Now there is a choice: (A) Use a pressure cooker for the smoothest flan. Place a metal stand or upturned saucer in the bottom of a pressure cooker. Add 2 ½ cups of water. Place the mold in the cooker, making sure the water comes well up the sides. Bring the cooker to full pressure and cook for 25 minutes. Gradually remove the pressure cap, allowing steam to escape. Take off the lid and remove the aluminum foil so that no water condenses on the flan. Allow to cool to room temperature and unmold. (B) An oven is an alternative. Heat to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Place the mold in a large pan of water. Bake in the oven 1 ½ hours or until set. Remove the lid or aluminum foil, allow to cool completely and unmold.

I bought a package of dried Hibiscus flowers and made the tea with it, but was wondering if Hibiscus flowers (fresh or dried) have other uses in Mexican cooking?

Salsa Mexicana This recipe is from the Mexican Table Salsas course, in the eCGI. One of the most basic styles of salsa, a salsa cruda (raw sauce), is simply composed of ingredients chopped and mixed together. Sometimes called a pico de gallo (rooster's beak) or salsa fresca, the most common version, the salsa mexicana, consists of tomatoes, onions, fresh chiles, cilantro, lime juice, and salt. An extremely versatile salsa, it especially goes well with fish and chicken 1/2 lb or 2 medium tomatoes, approximately 3/4 C when diced 1/2 c white onion, diced 1 jalapeño chiles 2 T cilantro, finely chopped 1 tsp lime Salt Remove the core and seeds from the tomatoes and dice the flesh. The tomatoes should be firm, yet ripe. Plum tomatoes make an excellent choice here because of their naturally firmer flesh. Toss in a bowl with the diced onion. Holding the jalapeño upright, slice down the sides of the chile removing the flesh until only the stem and attached seeds remain. Finely chop or mince the jalapeño strips and toss them in the bowl. Serranos are actually typical to this salsa, but I prefer the bright front-of-the-mouth bite of jalapeños instead. Traditionally, all ingredients are chopped quite finely and similarly-sized to allow the flavors to unify. I prefer about a 1/4" dice for the onions and tomatoes with the jalapeños minced so that the chiles do not overwhelm the salsa. Add the cilantro and mix, taking care not to crush the tomatoes. Add the lime juice, mix again, and salt to taste. Let rest for 15 minutes to allow flavors to mingle. Makes about 1 1/2 cups. This is the best template to use for most fruit salsas. Substitute mango, papaya, or even apple, for tomatoes and you still have a wonderful, but entirely different, Nuevo Latino salsa. Substitute corn, beans, or cucumber for the tomatoes and again the salsa takes on a whole new character. Keywords: Condiment, eGCI, Dip ( RG933 )

Salsa Mexicana This recipe is from the Mexican Table Salsas course, in the eCGI. One of the most basic styles of salsa, a salsa cruda (raw sauce), is simply composed of ingredients chopped and mixed together. Sometimes called a pico de gallo (rooster's beak) or salsa fresca, the most common version, the salsa mexicana, consists of tomatoes, onions, fresh chiles, cilantro, lime juice, and salt. An extremely versatile salsa, it especially goes well with fish and chicken 1/2 lb or 2 medium tomatoes, approximately 3/4 C when diced 1/2 c white onion, diced 1 jalapeño chiles 2 T cilantro, finely chopped 1 tsp lime Salt Remove the core and seeds from the tomatoes and dice the flesh. The tomatoes should be firm, yet ripe. Plum tomatoes make an excellent choice here because of their naturally firmer flesh. Toss in a bowl with the diced onion. Holding the jalapeño upright, slice down the sides of the chile removing the flesh until only the stem and attached seeds remain. Finely chop or mince the jalapeño strips and toss them in the bowl. Serranos are actually typical to this salsa, but I prefer the bright front-of-the-mouth bite of jalapeños instead. Traditionally, all ingredients are chopped quite finely and similarly-sized to allow the flavors to unify. I prefer about a 1/4" dice for the onions and tomatoes with the jalapeños minced so that the chiles do not overwhelm the salsa. Add the cilantro and mix, taking care not to crush the tomatoes. Add the lime juice, mix again, and salt to taste. Let rest for 15 minutes to allow flavors to mingle. Makes about 1 1/2 cups. This is the best template to use for most fruit salsas. Substitute mango, papaya, or even apple, for tomatoes and you still have a wonderful, but entirely different, Nuevo Latino salsa. Substitute corn, beans, or cucumber for the tomatoes and again the salsa takes on a whole new character. Keywords: Condiment, eGCI, Dip ( RG933 )

For those who don't know, pulparindo is a Mexican candy made from tamarind, and flavoured with chiles, salt and lime. It's a bit larger (in all dimensions) than the stick of gum you used to get if you bought baseball cards. The first time I tried Pulparindo I thought it was disgusting. A candy with tamarind? And chile? And lime?? (Many of the indigenous candies share these ingredients). But it grew on me, and now I find myself actually craving it once in a while, and seeking it out at some of the Latin places in town. Is there anyone else out there who has succumbed to the charms of Pulparindo? Cheers, Geoff Ruby

If anyone asks me what I miss the most about being out of the US, I usually reply Mexican food. It just hasn't caught on here yet. Some friends recommended El Torito in Yokohama a little while back and Iw as really disappointed it was like a Japanese Chi Chi's. I once ventured into a Jaapnese style "tex-mex" place at World Porters in Yokohama and it was awful. The absolute worst were some tacos I ordered off a menu at a cafeteria style restaurant in Narita airport, don' t even know what I was thinking...... In a different thread Jim said: QUOTE (meguroman @ Mar 23 2004, 10:19 PM) With the absence of good Mexican food here, this mixture of carbs and spices will go a long way to curing what ails you. Have you tried Salsita... just behind Ebisu Station (the Hibiya line one) along the tracks? It's a little place with one four top and maybe eight to ten counter seats. Salsita Ebisu-Nishi 1-3-2 5489-9020 Perhaps I'm so starved for Mexican food after living in Seoul that my tastebuds have gone to sleep, but I really liked it. And it's pretty damn reasonable too. Enjoy, Jim I have to give this place a try, especially if Jim recommends it.... Anything else out there that is decent?

Ask your questions about Mexican Table Salsas on this thread.

Mexican Table Salsas by Nicholas A. Zukin with Sharon A. Peters Introduction When asked to reflect on salsa, the average American will imagine a somewhat fresh and fiery tomato-based sauce they dip their chips into between beers, something akin to the offerings of Pace or Old El Paso. Hopefully their mind avoids the dark places, those plastic packets of goo weighting the bottom of Taco Bell bags. Jarred salsa can be found on the shelves of every supermarket in America and has become ubiquitous in the country's refrigerators, surpassing ketchup in sales. Yet the variety is limited and provides only a shadow in both flavor and freshness of the palate pleasing options in Mexico. Salsa vs. Table Salsa "Salsa" simply means sauce in Spanish. Tabasco and enchilada sauces are salsas. Moles are salsas. (In fact, the word mole is a Spanish version of the Nahuatl molli, or sauce.) Even a béchamel is a salsa -- a salsa francesa. However, what Americans refer to when they use the word "salsa" are table salsas, condiments spooned over tacos and dipped with chips. These salsas adorn the tables of Mexican restaurants like salt, pepper, and ketchup in American diners. They are always there waiting and are eaten with breakfast, lunch, and dinner, on eggs, fish, meat, and starches. Each region of Mexico has its unique salsas and so does each fonda, taqueria, and tía. Class Objective To illustrate the ease of making great tasting table salsas using traditional Mexican techniques and ingredients and provide templates that can be used to create new, unique salsas. A typical taqueria salsa bar, Salvador's in Woodburn, Oregon. Ingredients The majority of table salsas are made with at most five ingredients: a fruit/base ingredient, an aromatic or herb, a chile, an acid, and salt. Traditionally, tomatoes or tomatillos are used for the fruit, onions, garlic, or cilantro are used for the aromatic, and the chile, dried, smoked, or fresh, gives the salsa its unique character. The acid (usually lime or vinegar) and salt round out and intensify the flavors. Fruits Mexicans primarily use plum (roma) tomatoes. They're an excellent choice due to their low proportion of seeds, firm, deep-red flesh, and wide availability. However, do not tie yourself to a specific tomato. The best tomato will always be the one that is the freshest and most flavorful. Canned tomatoes can be a good alternative in cooked and fried salsas, especially in winter when they will often be much tastier than the "fresh" option. Tomatillos, or tomates verdes, are not green tomatoes. They're a member of the gooseberry genus (Physalis). They have a tart and seedy interior and can be used either raw or cooked, though most often cooked. Choose darker green tomatillos with tight husks. Remove the husk and any residual stickiness under hot water before using. Tomatillos are actually the most typically used fruit in Mexican salsas. The common tomato we most often see in Mexican-American salsas is a native of South America, whereas the tomatillo is a native of Mexico and grows better there. (See photos of tomatillos, along with other memebers of the Nightshade family, Solanaceae, including tomatoes and chayote, a Mexican squash, here.) Avocados, aguacate in Spanish, have been eaten and cultivated in Mexico for over 7,000 years. There are several varieties available in Mexico, but in the United States we primarily have access to two types: the pebbly, dark-skinned Hass (or California) avocado and the large and smooth, lighter-green West Indian (or Florida) avocado. The Hass is a hybrid of the Mexican and Guatemalan avocado and much closer to native Mexican version in flavor and texture. (The Fuerte, Californian in origin, is similar in size to the Hass and makes a good substitute. Its peel is a lighter green color and smoother than the Hass.) You might be tempted to use West Indian avocados because they can be much larger and less expensive, but it's not worth it. The flavor is quite muted in the Caribbean variety and the texture is wrong, lacking sufficient fats. (See photos here.) Hass avocados are ripe when moderate thumb pressure leaves an indentation in the skin. Feel confident buying hard avocados for later use as, unlike most fruit, they will ripen once they are picked. Avoid wrinkly or mushy avocados. Be warned: once an avocado's meat is exposed to air it discolors very quickly and even acids will not delay this process much. They also bruise quite easily. Aromatics The most common herb found in salsas is cilantro, or coriander leaf. It can be found in nearly every kind of salsa, though it's best in the brighter, fresh and fruity ones. Some people find its flavor unbearable, describing it as "soapy" or "chemically". However, for those that like it, it's indispensable in tacos and salsas. Cilantro doesn't fair well in the refrigerator (much worse than the similar looking flat-leaf parsley) and the best method of storage is on the counter, stalks submerged in water, changed on a daily basis. It's an annual and, like basil and many other herbs, can be grown indoors. In Mexico, cilantro is sold with roots attached and some farmer's market vendors do the same. (See photo and more information here.) Onions and garlic are found in every kind of salsa. Onions are usually used raw, while garlic is usually cooked, roasted in its skin. The white onion, which has little sweetness, is almost exclusively used in Mexico except in the south where red onions gain favor. Chiles Chiles are the heart of salsas in Mexico. You can have a "salsa" without chiles, but you cannot have a Mexican table salsa without them. Often confusingly referred to as peppers but actually part of the same family of fruits as tomatoes and tomatillos, chiles vary greatly in heat, sweetness, and flavor. The red-ripened bell pepper can be intensely sweet and has no piquancy. The jalapeño can be much brighter and its fire attacks the lips and front of the mouth. The serrano is more peppery and focuses its heat in the back of the throat. The poblano has an earthy fruitiness and a moderate bite. The habenero, while being among the hottest natural chiles, is also quite fruity. Each of these chiles can be dried or sometimes even smoked which intensifies and deeps their flavors adding layers of sophistication. Unfortunately, nearly all assume a new name in this transformation confusing matters somewhat. For example, a ripened, smoked jalapeño is called a chipotle and a dried poblano becomes an ancho. To make things worse, these names sometimes change from region to region within Mexico. You should be able to find fresh jalapeños, serranos, poblanos (often mis-labeled as pasillas), and habaneros (or their near twin, the Scotch bonnet) in many large supermarkets or Latin grocers. Look for un-wrinkled specimens with a firm flesh. Dried anchos, chipotles (if not dried, then in the can), and chile de arbols should also be widely available. (See photos of fresh and some dried chiles here or here.) The seeds and flesh of a chile contain just 10% of its fire. The majority of the capsaicin (the alkaloid that gives chiles their piquancy) resides within the ribs and placental tissue to which the seeds are attached. If a dish with chiles is too hot, try removing these first so that none of the flavor that the chiles impart is lost. Using just the outer flesh of a chile can greatly reduce its spiciness which may be preferable for those without asbestos-coated mouths. A few final warnings: Capsaicin (also the active ingredient in pepper spray) does not wash off with soap and water. If you scratch your eye after handling chiles it can be quite painful for several hours. It may be worthwhile to use latex gloves. You can use lemon juice or acidulated water to remove the capsaicin. Also, a bleach solution of four ounces bleach to one quart water will eliminate the burn. However, even Mexicans often use a plastic produce bag on their hand while digging through chiles at the market. When tasting fiery salsas, keep a glass of sugared water on hand to cool the tongue. Be careful not to burn dried chiles. The fumes are quite harsh. Aztecs used the smoke of burning chiles to punish their children and torture enemies. Acids and Salt Many salsas contain an acid to brighten their flavor, usually lime juice or vinegar. The Key Lime is traditionally used by Mexicans although its larger cousin, more common in American grocery stores, is also quite typical in Mexican markets. White and apple cider vinegars work well enough in table salsas, especially those with a heavy dried chile component. The milder rice wine also works quite effectively. However, you should also consider pineapple vinegar if you can find it or are willing to make it yourself. Diana Kennedy provides a recipe in her book From My Mexican Kitchen (p 270) which is paraphrased below: Peelings of one medium pineapple 4 tbsp brown sugar 1 1/2 quarts water Mix ingredients in 3 quart container. Cover and leave in warm place. Strain after six weeks when it's foamy and has flies or when maggots form. When a gelatinous layer forms after about two months, separate it from the vinegar and it's ready. If it remains sweet after a month, throw it out and try again. A quick note on salt: use it. Salsas are a blend of ingredients and salt helps extract the flavors to create a unified whole. It can also bring out subtleties that otherwise would be overshadowed by the heat of the chiles. Produce at a small Mexican tienda, Salvador's in Woodburn, Oregon. Tools Most salsas require some measure of pureeing. Traditionally this is done in a Mexican mortar called a molcajete (the pestle is called a tejolote.) However, most contemporary cooks, even in Mexico, take the easy route and use a blender. Blenders A blender works well for most salsas and can quickly and easily process large batches. An under-appreciated appliance for salsa-making is an immersion, or stick, blender. It allows finer control over the texture of salsas and makes smaller batches easier to produce. You won't be able to effectively puree dried chiles with one, however. Don't feel like you're being inauthentic by using a blender. Most Mexicans use blenders for their salsas. Walking through the market-streets of Mexico City, for example, you'll even see used blenders and blender parts for sale. Molcajetes Western marble mortars or Thai granite mortars are not good substitutes for the basalt molcajetes. Molcajetes have a rough, somewhat porous, texture. They are not always the best tool for grinding spices or making pastes (a job traditionally done with a metate and mano), but they are unequaled in their ability to create a rustic, textured salsa with maximum flavor. Unfortunately, most molcajetes found in Mexican-American tiendas, ethnic grocers in the United States, or even tourist-oriented markets in Mexico are low-quality and made of very porous, brittle rock or even concrete. When choosing, bear in mind that darker rock generally signifies a better material. Likewise, search for a less porous or rough interior. You do not want a molcajete with a chalky surface, a clear sign that you'll always be burdened with grit in your salsa. You can find decent quality molcajetes through Sur La Table (not available online) and GourmetSleuth.com. Make sure to season your molcajete before use. The most straight-forward method is to take a handful of uncooked rice and grind it to a powder, brush it out (if you purchase your molcajete at a Mexican supplier, look for the small straw cleaning brushes), and grind more rice until the powder becomes off-white instead of grey. This may take several sessions, after which you should be able to see some amount of smoothing of the interior. That's all there is to it, but be prepared for some sore shoulders if you do this in one day. (Additional information and excellent photos here and here.) TL: Molcajete and tejolote; TR: Grinding rice to season the molcjaete; BL: Why seasoning is important, chunks of rock that could be in the salsa; BR: The ultra-rough surface of a cheap molcajete. Comales A comal is a round, slightly concave, clay griddle used for cooking tortillas and ingredients for salsas. They were used by the Aztecs and they're still used today, though often the fragile clay comales have been replaced by metal ones. You're most likely to find metal comales of differing composition and quality at Mexican-American grocers. However, the Lodge cast iron (eGullet Amazon link here for the 10 inch or here for the 12 inch) does an excellent job, is readily available, cheap, and useful for more than just Mexican food. Each of these comales require seasoning, but you can put a layer of foil on your comal if you want to use it for cooking salsa ingredients. Most skillets make poor substitutes for a comal, but are passable. For the purposes of roasting ingredients, a broiler works nicely. Just place the ingredients on a broiler pan approximately 2 to 4 inches from the heat source and cook according the recipe's instructions. Foundational Recipes and Techniques Below are five recipes representing five styles of salsas. Each recipe contains a unique preparation method for the salsa as a whole and the ingredients in the salsa. Try the recipes to familiarize yourself with the basic techniques of salsa making. However, these recipes can also be used as templates. Tinker with the quantities or wholly replace ingredients with others to make the recipes your own. Salsa Mexicana Ingredients: Raw Salsa: Raw Form: Chunky Tool: Knife One of the most basic styles of salsa, a salsa cruda (raw sauce), is simply composed of ingredients chopped and mixed together. Sometimes called a pico de gallo (rooster's beak) or salsa fresca, the most common version, the salsa mexicana, consists of tomatoes, onions, fresh chiles, cilantro, lime juice, and salt. An extremely versatile salsa, it especially goes well with fish and chicken. 1/2 lb. or 2 medium tomatoes, approximately 3/4 C when diced 1/2 C white onion, diced 1-2 jalapeño chiles 2 T cilantro, finely chopped 1 tsp lime Salt Remove the core and seeds from the tomatoes and dice the flesh. The tomatoes should be firm, yet ripe. Plum tomatoes make an excellent choice here because of their naturally firmer flesh. Toss in a bowl with the diced onion. Holding the jalapeño upright, slice down the sides of the chile removing the flesh until only the stem and attached seeds remain. Finely chop or mince the jalapeño strips and toss them in the bowl. Serranos are actually typical to this salsa, but I prefer the bright front-of-the-mouth bite of jalapeños instead. Traditionally, all ingredients are chopped quite finely and similarly-sized to allow the flavors to unify. I prefer about a 1/4" dice for the onions and tomatoes with the jalapeños minced so that the chiles do not overwhelm the salsa. Add the cilantro and mix, taking care not to crush the tomatoes. Add the lime juice, mix again, and salt to taste. Let rest for 15 minutes to allow flavors to mingle. Makes about 1 1/2 cups. TL: The flesh of the jalapeño cut into strips, then julienned, then finely chopped; TR: Adding a loosely packed tablespoon of finely chopped cilantro; BL: Gently mixing ingredients; BR: The final salsa mexicana. This is the best template to use for most fruit salsas. Substitute mango, papaya, or even apple, for tomatoes and you still have a wonderful, but entirely different, Nuevo Latino salsa. Substitute corn, beans, or cucumber for the tomatoes and again the salsa takes on a whole new character. Salsa de Molcajete Ingredients: Roasted Salsa: Raw Form: Textured Tool: Molcajete Making a salsa in a molcajete isn't as difficult as someone prejudiced by grinding spices in a mortar or pounding a Thai curry paste might think. The bulk of the ingredients are soft. Only when you add spices or dried chiles does it become labor-intensive. While I'm not convinced that using a molcajete makes a significant difference in the flavor of most salsas, it makes a very meaningful difference in the texture of many components and anyone who prizes texture highly should give a molcajete a try. You'll be able to compare the texture of the cooked chiles in this recipe with that of the cooked chiles in the salsa verde that follows. I think you'll find that the smashed and ground chiles have a far superior texture to that of the blended chiles. Ultimately the main benefits of a molcajete are two-fold: 1) connecting with the traditions of Mexican cuisine, and 2) the beauty of serving a salsa in the hunk of volcanic rock in which the salsa was made. This salsa is closest in style to what Americans know as salsa, though the wonderful freshness makes the flavors incomparable. Serve with chips, on eggs, on enchiladas, tacos, or even nachos. This recipe was adapted from Diana Kennedy's Salsa de Jitomate in From My Mexican Kitchen (p 200). 1/2 lb, or 2 medium tomatoes 1 garlic clove with skin 1-2 serrano chiles 1/4 C white onion, diced 1 T cilantro, finely chopped Salt Char and soften the tomatoes, garlic, and serranos on a medium-heat comal or its substitute (see tools section). The skin of the tomatoes should be mottled black and the insides squishy. The garlic should be soft to the touch and the serranos should be even blacker than the tomatoes (see photo). The roasting intensifies and sweetens the tomatoes, while softening both the flesh and flavor of the serranos and garlic. Some people are put off by the crispy black skin of the roasted tomatoes and remove it, but it's my favorite part. I've even encountered salsas consisting primarily of just this blackened skin from the tomatoes and they had a wonderful sweetness. Place the garlic (skin removed), chile, and a little salt in the molcajete and grind to a paste using a circular motion. Add the tomatoes one at a time, mashing and grinding until there are no large chunks remaining and the chile-garlic paste has been fully combined with the tomatoes. Stir in the diced onion and chopped cilantro and salt to taste. Serve in the molcajete. Makes about 1 cup. TL: Cooking the tomatoes, serrano, and garlic on a foil-lined comal. These are just about ready; TR: Grinding the serranos and garlic in a circular pattern; BL: Smashing the tomatoes with the tejolote; BR: The finished salsa in the molcajete. Salsa Verde Cruda Ingredients: Simmered Salsa: Raw Form: Textured Tool: Blender There are many salsas verdes, or green salsas, in Mexican cooking. Most of the table salsas use tomatillos for the base. In this example, the tomatillos are simmered before blending. Because tomatillos are so naturally tart, cooking them can subdue this characteristic and bring out their sweetness. It also changes their texture from something like an apple to something closer to a ripe tomato. While I use this recipe as an example of using an immersion blender, it would be more traditional to use a molcajete and the final product would be superior. You could also fry this salsa afterwards, like in the chipotle salsa that follows, for a less bright, richer version. This recipe is adapted from one provided by the taqueria La Iguana Feliz in Portland, Oregon. 3/4 lb or 4-6 tomatillos, slightly larger than golfballs 1/4 lb or 3-6 jalapeños 1/2 C white onion, diced 1/4 C cilantro, finely chopped Salt Remove the husks and sticky film from the tomatillos under warm water. Place, along with the jalapeños, in enough simmering water to just cover the tomatillos. All items may float. Simmer until tomatillos are soft and have changed from a dark to a pale green, about 10 minutes. Remove the stems from the jalapeños and place them along with the tomatillos in a blender jar and pulse until just pureed, but not entirely smooth. There should be texture to the salsa mimicking that of a molcajete salsa, although the chiles will appear chopped. An immersion blender works better here than a standard blender which has a tendency to make such salsas too smooth. Salt to taste. Chill the salsa approximately 30 minutes to let the flavors blend. Mix in the diced onion and chopped cilantro when ready to serve. Makes about 1 1/2 cups. TL: Rinsing the tomatillos under warm water to remove the husk and sticky coating; TR: Simmering the tomatillos and jalapeños. Note the change in color; BL: Using a stick blender to lightly puree; BR: The final salsa, onions and cilantro added at presentation. This, and the salsa de molcajete above, are excellent templates for any salsa you might want to create. You could alter this salsa by preparing the tomatillos and chiles differently, roasting or leaving them raw which would completely change its character. Taking a giant leap outside of Mexican tradition, you could simmer carrots with fully-ripened red chiles or habeneros and puree with extra water, adding honey for sweetness and raisins for texture and contrasting color. Salsa de Chile Chipotle y Jitomate Ingredients: Roasted Salsa: Fried Form: Textured Tool: Blender A wonderful distinction between Mexican and Italian tomato sauces, besides the heavy use of chiles, is that Mexicans usually fry, rather than simmer, their sauces. In just five minutes, a tomato sauce will darken and develop a rich, sweet depth of flavor and lose the bitterness of its dried chiles. The rich, sweet, and smoky flavor of this salsa goes especially well with beef and pork and even makes a good base for a stew. The recipe also highlights the use of dried chiles. Substituting another dried chile for the chipotle would drastically change its character and the recipe simply begs for experimentation. This is an adaptation from Rick Bayless' book Mexican Kitchen (p 34). 3/4 lb or 2-3 medium to large tomatoes 2 cloves garlic with skin 1 chipotle, preferably dried 1 T lard Salt Char and soften the tomatoes, garlic, and chile on a comal or using one of the substitute methods (broiler method pictured below for the tomatoes). The tomatoes should be mottled-black and squishy. The garlic should be soft and the chipotle quite pliable. Try not to burn the chile. It should be slightly darkened and fragrant, reminiscent of the smell of a campfire. It's worse to burn the chile than to not toast it at all. The toasting wakes the chile's flavors, but burning it will turn the chile violently bitter. The chipotle should finish well before the garlic and tomatoes. You can press down on the chile with a spatula to cook it more quickly and evenly. On medium heat, it should only take a minute at most on each side to liven the chile. With other larger chiles, such as guajillos and anchos, you can cut off the stem, slice up the side and spread the chile into a broad, single-layer piece for toasting. This also allows you to remove the veins and seeds. If your chiles are too brittle, you'll need to soften them on the comal first; it only takes a few seconds of toasting. Place the chile in a bowl of tepid water, topping it with something to keep it submerged. After about 20 minutes, the chile will be re-hydrated, softened so it can be easily pureed, and some of its bitter taste will have been removed. Place the tomatoes, garlic (skins removed), and chile into a blender and pulse. Try to leave some texture, simulating the chunkiness created in the molcajete. Put a pan on medium-high heat. The salsa will splatter as it's fried, so something deep is preferable. Ceramic-coated dutch ovens work perfectly for this purpose, but any heavy saucepan is fine, too. When the pan is heated, add the lard and let it get almost smoking-hot. Add the salsa, stirring occasionally until it turns a deep red, about 5 to 10 minutes. You want it to slightly thicken but not dry out. Salt to taste. Makes about 1 cup. TL: Dried chipotle on the left, can of chipotles in adobo sauce on top, a canned chipotle with adobo sauce on the right; TR: Toasting the chipotle and garlic on a comal; BL: Re-hydrating the chipotle; BR: Broiling the tomatoes. TL: Gently pureeing with the immersion blender; TR: The pulsed sauce still with some texture. Note the orange color; BL: The salsa sizzles as it is poured into the hot lard; BR: The final salsa with its deeper red color and richer flavor. Salsa de Chile de Arbol Ingredients: Roasted Salsa: Raw Form: Smooth Tool: Blender Most Americans are familiar with Tabasco Sauce. If you ever eat in a taqueria you'll almost certainly encounter a bottle of Tapatio. Whereas the first three salsas in this course are similar to relishes, chutneys, or tapenades, smoothly pureed table salsas are more akin to ketchup or mustard and generally have more intense flavors, frequently using a heavy proportion of dried chiles. Add this salsa to soups, tacos, cheesy dishes, and even other salsas to provide a kick. Many other chile de arbol salsas add vinegar or tomatoes to counter the strong chile flavor, but I like this recipe's unadulterated taste. If the result is too bitter, you could add a little sugar or even re-hydrate the chiles, though neither should be necessary. This recipe is adapted from one provided by the taqueria La Iguana Feliz in Portland, Oregon. 24 chiles de arbol 1 garlic clove 1/4 C white onion, diced 3/4 C water 2 tsp oil 1/2 tsp salt Sweat the onions, garlic clove (whole, no skin), and chiles in oil over medium heat. Be careful not to burn the chiles. When the chiles are pliable and slightly browned and the onions and garlic are softened, transfer them to a blender. Add 1/4 cup of water and puree. When it stops making progress, add another 1/4 cup of water and continue to puree. When it appears to be fully blended, add the final 1/4 cup of water and the salt and puree, stopping to scrape down the sides until the salsa is as smooth as possible. Makes about 3/4 cup. TL: Sweating the chiles, onion, and garlic; TR: Adding the ingredients to the blender; BL: Scraping down the sides after blending with water; BR: The finished fiery, orange salsa. Conclusion This course has introduced you to the basic methods and ingredients used in Mexican table salsas. Remember to treat these recipes as templates, mixing and matching ingredients and techniques to invent your own fiery flavors to suit the salsas to your tastes. Salsa making isn't baking and exact measures are not necessary, therefore the improvisational cook is free to explore. Appendix I: Choose-Your-Own-Salsa Table The following table provides a matrix for creating your own salsas. Just choose selections from each column and combine them. Choosing one item from each column allows for 57,051 combinations. That exponentially increases if you start selecting more than one item in the first four columns (and you can always choose none in any of the first four columns). Add your own ingredients to the lists and you're quickly in the millions of possibilities. Example: Fruit/Base: Avocado Chile: Serrano Flavoring: Onion Acid: Lime Ingredients: Raw Salsa: Raw Form: Textured End Result: Guacamole Appendix II: Additional Recipes Guacamole Ingredients: Raw Salsa: Raw Form: Textured Tool: Molcajete Guacamole is one of the oldest Mexican salsas. It's great as a side dish or a relish. 1 large, or two small, Hass avocados 1 lime Salt 1/4 C white onion, minced 1-2 serranos, minced 1 tomato, seeded and diced Halve the avocado by running a knife lengthwise down the center of the fruit against the pit and around to the other side. Gently twist and separate the halves. Remove the pit by swiftly embedding your knife blade into it and twisting away from the avocado. Dice the avocado in the peel by running a knife first lengthwise and then side-to-side creating a cross-hatch. Scoop out the flesh with a spoon into a bowl or molcajete. Add the juice of the lime and a pinch of salt. Lightly mash the mixture with a potato masher, fork, or the tejolote. Add salt to taste. Mix in onion, serranos, and tomato. Serve immediately. Makes about 1 1/2 cups Tomatillo-Avocado Salsa Ingredients: Raw Salsa: Raw Form: Smooth Tool: Blender This is a common taqueria salsa that provides a counter to the chile de arbol salsa above. Where that is quite hot and earthy, this one has a cooling effect and a much brighter flavor. This recipe is adapted from one provided by the taqueria La Iguana Feliz in Portland, Oregon. 1 small Hass avocado 1 tomatillo 2 jalapeños 1/2 C white onion, diced 1/4 C cilantro, chopped 1/2 Tbsp salt 1 1/4 C water Remove the meat from the avocado and the tomatillo from the husk and add to a blender. Remove the jalapeño stem and add the jalapeño along with the onion, cilantro, and half the salt to the blender. Add 1/2 cup water and puree until smooth. Add more water until the salsa reaches the consistency and intensity you desire. Finish salting to taste. Makes about 2 cups with all the water. Kiwi-Apple Salsa Ingredients: Raw Salsa: Raw Form: Smooth and Chunky Tool: Blender and Knife By experimenting with various substitutions you can create splendid, unique salsas. This is one I first made a couple years ago. It's sweet, so I recommend leaving in the seeds and ribs of the jalapeño. I especially like this as a balance to richer salsas and on seafood and poultry. 1/2 lb. or 3-4 tomatillos, golfball sized 1 kiwi 1/4 C white onion, diced 1/4 C cilantro, chopped and loosely packed 1 jalapeño 1 lime Sugar Salt 1 Granny Smith apple Remove the husk and quarter the tomatillos and put them in a blender. Peel the kiwi, quarter it, and add it as well. Add the onion and cilantro. Remove the stem (and the ribs and seeds, if you wish) from the jalapeño and add it along with the juice of the lime. Puree until all large chunks are gone. Add salt and sugar to taste. Peel and dice apple and add to the salsa. Chill and let rest approximately 15 minutes so the flavors can mingle. Makes about 1 1/2 cups. Appendix III: Resources Some of these books and websites were used as a knowledge base for this lesson, all are worth checking out. Favorite Books Authentic Mexican by Rick and Deann Bayless: A great introduction to Mexican food with useful illustrations and sidenotes on tools, techniques, and ingredients. Mexican Kitchen: Recipes and Techniques of a World-Class Cuisine by Rick Bayless: Another excellent book by Bayless that expands the descriptions of tools, techniques, and ingredients, adding depth to the reader's understanding of traditional Mexican cooking. From My Mexican Kitchen: Techniques and Ingredients by Diana Kennedy: Ms. Kennedy really deserves the upmost praise for legitimizing Mexican food in America. This, her latest book, is one of her best with thorough discussions of ingredients, tools, techniques, and dishes. It has wonderfully instructive full-color photos, too. My Mexico: A Culinary Odyssey with More than 300 Recipes by Diana Kennedy: A regional exploration of Mexican food by its pre-eminent English author. The recipes take on a time and place through her travelogue and it's wonderful reading along with having excellent recipes. A Cook's Tour of Mexico by Nancy Zaslavsky: An irreplaceable resource for anyone traveling to Mexico in search of food. But it also includes recipes that take a regional approach and are consistently interesting and successful. 1,000 Mexican Recipes by Marge Poore: There isn't much information here, but there's no more extensive collection of quality Mexican recipes. The Great Salsa Book by Mark Miller and Mark Kiffin: A large and diverse collection of salsas that should inspire you to invent your own. America's First Cuisines by Sophie D. Coe: The best history of pre-hispanic Mexican cuisine in English I've found. It focuses on Aztec, Mayan, and Incan foods before the conquest. Favorite Links MexConnect.com: A great site with a lot of conent even without becoming a member. Their food section doesn't require membership and has many recipes and articles. GourmetSleuth.com: Nice site with an emphasis on Mexican cooking. It includes a Mexican ingredient dictionary, articles on tools, ingredients, and dishes, and lots of very good links. Includes links to quality Mexican tools that you can purchase online. MexGrocer.com: Online store with broad selection of products, including canned chiles, salsas, masa harina, tortilla presses, and cookbooks. Desperately Seeking Authenticity: Article for the LA Times written by By Rachel Laudan on the illusory notion of authentic Mexican food. (Originally posted to eGullet by John Whiting.) Appendix IV: Internal Links Topics Most Singular Guacamole: Thread in Mexico forum on guacamole. Guac Talk: Another topic on guacamole. Making Hot Sauce: donk79 requests things to do with the fruits of a chile garden. Rick Bayless' Salsas: The enigma that is jarred salsa. Salsa versus Chutney: Defining salsa. Salsa et al: Another topic on salsa versus other relishes. Tomato Chutney: What's the difference between a tomato chutney and a salsa? You be the judge. Raw Sauce: Members give their favorite salsas crudas. eGCI Hot & Spicy Class: Discussion of chiles includes salsa-talk. Nopales: Discussion of nopales, or cactus paddles, a great salsa ingredient. Cilantro: eGulleter's love/hate realtionship with cilantro. I Love Cilantro: Tommy loves Cilantro. Storebought Chips and Salsa: Yes, pure eeeevil, of the deeeevil. Northern Mexican: Varmint makes a northern Mexican meal. Gets lots of suggestions as to what he can do with that Mexican meal. Mexican Food and Diana Kennedy: Topic that quickly moved into Jaymes' fried tomato recipe using canned tomatoes and garlic salt. Mexican Food in the UK: Lament over making Mexican outside the colonies. Condiment Personality: See if you're truly a salsa person. Recipes Guacamole Lime and Serrano Chile Sauce Nacho Dip Pico de Gallo con Aguacate Rancho Relish Post your questions on Mexican Table Salsas here.

I thought this was interesting in this morning's Austin American Statesman. Who hasn't eaten breakfast tacos?!! Seems that more of us do it all the time, and though the history is hazy, all indications point to its conception here in Texas. Are we surprised?

Why aren't we demanding better Mexican food? Why are we happy with a number 6 combination plate with a chile relleno made yesterday, an enchilada that tastes like a taco and a taco that tastes like an enchilada, all smothered in a bland chile sauce? Why is the best thing always the refried beans? There's a thread on the Texas forum about the virtues of Tex-Mex. I haven't eaten enough of it to really form an opinion but it leads me to wonder whether things are so great here. There was Cafe Marimba on Chestnut Street when Reed Hearon was at the helm. It was to me some of the most exciting food I'd eaten in a long time, despite the cantina-like atmosphere and yuppie location. It was exciting. Then it was nothing. I don't even know if it's still in business but I think when Hearon left they realized at that spot they could serve Taco bell and it would still pack them in. There's a restaurant in Sonoma called Maya that was kind of interesting when it first opened but now it's a silly tourist trap. I hear Picante in Berekely is good but haven't been. Primavera, who make such nice butter-laden tamels, is in the Farmers Market in SF on Saturdays and I hear good things there. So other than cooking at home, where do you go? I love my burritos but I think that's a different thread.

I hear her works lauded all over the place, and I bought her most recent book, the one thats the compilation of her prior work. After perusing it, I am finding it quite intimidating, since I feel like I need a translation for every other ingredient. I went out and bought one of the prior books for the description of ingredients and the pictures. Does anyone have any suggestions on where to start? Im thinking of trying some of the salsas/sauces first. Ultimately I'd like to make tamales. I have purchased the needed equipement from Mexigrocer as well. All input is welcome. Msk

We're taking a short trip back up to the Pacific Northwest and will be visiting some friends in Tacoma. Can anyone reccomend a good place for lunch? They live near the University of Pugest Sound and I imagine we won't have a ton of time to drive someplace far away. Here's a map of the immediate area will be in if that's helpful. A Map Thanks for any suggestions.

My dear FIL and his lovely lady will be going to Yuma, AZ next week to show some vintage pickups at a show down there. Since they are driving, I got an enthusiastic "Sure, you bet," to bringing me back some Mexican goodies to use cooking. I'm limiting my choice to 5 things. They'll be going across at San Luis, a big town. Please list what you'd like, so I can get ideas. Remember it has to enter into AZ, so no fresh stuff that'll go in the barrels. No alcohol, got plenty up here. Edit to say, yeesh, barr eels.

Some expert advice needed. I've just returned (to India) from LA where I went quietly mad in Grand Central Market buying anchos, serranos and all those other types of chillies, so different from Indian chillies and which we never see here. And at one of the stands I saw these bowls of brown sauce which I was told was freshly made sauce for mole poblano (or is the sauce called mole poblano, and is so what's the whole dish that's made with it using chicken called?). Naturally I bought some and it survived the return journey reasonably well. It tastes great - sweet and spicy and a bitter-rich chocolate taste coming through. So I've been looking for recipes on the Net on how to use it, and I've become a bit confused. None of the recipes, naturally, is catering for lazy cooks who get in the sauce readymade, but even if one adapts accordingly, I'm still confused on how to prepare the chicken. Some recipes say boil, some say fry - what's the best way to do? Any guidance will be gratefully received and even though this is egullet, please don't tell me I have to make the sauce from fresh. Next time, I promise, this time I just want to use the stuff I bought in LA, Vikram

Mexican-style rice is one thing I've never mastered. (A future thread....) Can anyone help? I'm talking about the rice that you get in mexican restaurants. Fluffy, vaguely red (tomato?), not a whole lot of flavor, but some. Don't know why I can't get it right. It seems easy enough. Thanks.

Anybody been? The review in New York Magazine, by Adam Platt, makes it sound pretty awful. Has the whole Latin-theme-park restaurant trend finally run out of steam? With the exception of OLA, there hasn't been a good opening in this category in ages. One error in the review: As far as I know, Chicama was the second restaurant in that space. The first was Jonathan Waxman's ill-fated Colina. (I think someone computed that Colina received half a star from the Times, Post, and Daily News . . . combined.) From the Post:

On the menu at Rosa Mexicano, there are two items listed by themselves on the top, clearly intended as grabbers: the pomegranate margarita, and the guacamole. The pomegranate margarita is dispensed soft-serve style out of the wall behind the bar. Almost magically, it seems to keep flowing and flowing, seemingly at the rate of ten gallons per second. Question: where do you think it comes from? Do you think the conscientious Tequila-master is sitting there behind the wall, thoughtfully mixing crystal shot glasses full of Patron Anejo into the swirling machine? Think the pomegranate juice is from the farmers market? At least Fat Tuesday’s has more than one flavor. The guacamole is fabulous, wonderful and a bargain at ten dollars. It’s a cleverly crafted strategy, having this as the signature dish. Are you going to go to Rosa Mexicano, next to the MCI Center with $15 valet parking, and order a guacamole with a glass of ice water? If you do, your food will be a terrific value. If you don’t … Washington DC is the third outlet for this chain restaurant. Atlanta, Georgia is soon to be the fourth. Any guesses for number five? Six? Seven? Get the picture? Let’s call a spade a spade: this factory serves processed-tasting food intended for the masses who naively think they’re getting something more meaningful than they would at Cheesecake Factory. Even the tortilla chips taste like they came from the bulk food section at Shoppers Food Warehouse (as opposed to Rio Grande and Cactus Cantina, two high-volume operations that get the chips right). Rosa Mexicano sucks. It sucks! How much does it suck? It sucks, that’s how much it sucks. It sucks ducks, bucks, monster trucks, hockey pucks, guys named Chuck, migrant workers that shuck, lightning bolts that struck, sewage workers wallowing in muck, rear-wheel drive cars that are stuck, vagrants who are down on their luck, babys who taste spinach for the first time and say yuck, and don’t think for a moment I’ve forgotten about the word fuck. There!

I'm wondering what tools others think are essential for Mexican cooking. I wouldn't live without my handheld lime squeezer, my blender, my big round wooden spoons from Guadaljara + the tight weave seive (although I often think a chinois might be more handy), my bean masher (for guacamole mostly) and a comal. I've heard that a copper pot is essential for making carnitas. Has anyone had experience in this? Do you have great sources in the US? I saw some in a market in Mexico but they were so cheap I was suspect that they might be plated rather than solid. I use a Cruset pot now but I love a new toy.

Mexican Rice Thank you Vera for teaching me how to cook Mexican food. The next time I cook chile rellanos, I will write down the exact amounts for you. It's my specialty. Mexican Rice: For about 1 1/2 cups of rice, use 2 cups of water Use long grain rice. Brown in Wesson Oil. Grind 1 clove of garlic. Add 1/2 can, 4 oz. of tomato sauce. She uses Delmonte or Springfield, "whatever is on special" *Use 1 cube of Knorr tomato Bouillon and mix into rice. All the ladies tell me this is an important ingredient. Salt to taste COVER pot, cook on low flame for 20 min. Keywords: Easy, Mexican ( RG821 )

Mexican Rice Thank you Vera for teaching me how to cook Mexican food. The next time I cook chile rellanos, I will write down the exact amounts for you. It's my specialty. Mexican Rice: For about 1 1/2 cups of rice, use 2 cups of water Use long grain rice. Brown in Wesson Oil. Grind 1 clove of garlic. Add 1/2 can, 4 oz. of tomato sauce. She uses Delmonte or Springfield, "whatever is on special" *Use 1 cube of Knorr tomato Bouillon and mix into rice. All the ladies tell me this is an important ingredient. Salt to taste COVER pot, cook on low flame for 20 min. Keywords: Easy, Mexican ( RG821 )

Tortillas This takes a little bit of a knack to get the shape round, and not like a football. I think part of the beauty is that they do look homemade, and not perfect from a cutter. 3 cups of all purpose flour 1 t. salt 1 cup very warm water, not hot 1 T. lard, (pork fat) Note: Oil is o.k. but you get more flavor with pork fat Mix and knead flour, about 40 times. Squeeze little balls from the top, and shape each ball from the underside with your thumb. Shaping the tortillas is an art. Roll one side, it looks like a football, turn and roll the other side. If you flip the tortillas over it doesn't get dried out as much or stick. Lightly flour your board and rolling pin. Rolling pin: My in-laws use a stainless steel tube from a vacuum cleaner. They all have a section. It works really well. By the way they are Mexican and you wouldn't believe OUR potlucks! No wonder they won't eat out! Tip: Flavor pops out if you heat them on top of the burner and leaves nice marks. Keywords: Intermediate, Mexican ( RG820 )

Twice this week I've made guacamole according to this recipe - no lime juice and no tomatoes but truly delicious. As I'm an ignoramus regarding Mexican cuisine (albeit an adoring and curious one), I have an almost ethical problem I'd love to know the solution to: unfortunately I tend to love most freshly-made guacamoles I try, whether genuinely Mexican or downright dubious. With or without garlic; with or without tomato; with or without lime juice; whether the avocado is fully ripe or half-ripe; Hass or another variety; with different kinds of peppers (even Portuguese dried "piri piri" powder or Tabasco, at a pinch, though only in an emergency); even with a tiny drop of olive oil... As long as it's got good avocados, really fresh coriander (though some purists even shun this); firm, new onions (or, shockingly, shallots) and, until this latest recipe, tomatoes (whether ripe and summery or tangily autumnal) and, above all, the best "fleur du sel" or natural sea salt crystals, I'm happy. I draw the line at mayonnaise and hate all the industrial versions I've had the misfortune to taste - but that's about it. Well, I'm tired of being such a slut. I would dearly love to know whether there is a basic "canvas" for guacamole (a Mexican friend of mine says it's just the avocado pulp, salt and a squirt of lime juice) and what the acceptable "palette" of addable ingredients is. Is there a real Mexican guacamole? Is there a real Tex-Mex version? You know, like the original Genovese basil, pinenut, garlic and olive oil pesto, which continues to be made properly in the same way, despite all the pseudo-versions that have since used its name. Any help would be much appreciated.

Wow! So Pancho's is still around! Some of my favorite childhood memories are of eating at Panchos with my huge (20 cousins) family. Do they still have the little flags on the table that you raise when you want more food? And those sopapillas! You folks down in Texas don't know how good you have it. Y'all can turn up your nose at Panchos and go to any number of better Mexican restaurants, but I'm a Texan living in Canada now, and Panchos is much better than the Mexican I've tried up here. Sorry to veer off the candy topic. Just had to wax nostalgic. All right, I'm convinced that this place needs its own thread. They're making a comeback, apparently. There's a new one in Round Rock. And one in, of all places, downtown Austin -- at 6th and Congress. This was the place where my Hoosier parents first learned to eat Mexican in the 60s. And I was weaned on the stuff. All important family gatherings took place there. As far as decent Mexican food goes, well, it's not really up for consideration. But I have to admit, I asked my folks to take me there during my visit to TX during xmas. They asked me how the food was. I said, "It's disgusting, but I'm loving it!" Mmmmmm, sopaipillas! Plasticky chile rellenos! It's like baby food! What's wrong with that? Here's some PR: http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m4PRN/2...1/article.jhtml

Mexican Burnt Milk Candy (Leche Quemada) There are many variations of this candy. Some add nuts just before pouring into the pan. Pecans are typical. I have also seen it with coconut stirred in. This particular recipe is really pretty easy if you have any candy experience whatsoever. The long cooking time is necessary to "toast" the milk solids. It really isn't a problem since it doesn't require much attention. You just stir it occasionally. Do not try to substitute margarine for the butter. You won't get the added milk solids. 3 c sugar 1 c brown sugar 1/2 c butter 1 can sweetened condensed milk 1 can water Mix all together in a heavy pot. Cook over medium low heat for about 4 hours, stirring occasionally. Start watching it at about 3 1/2 hours. Bring the temperature up to 240F or to the soft ball stage. Remove from the heat and cool to 110F. Beat vigorously with a spoon until it begins to smooth out a bit. This is hard. I have been successful using a Bamix, a fairly powerful stick blender. Turn out into a buttered 8 x 8 inch pan. Allow to cool completely. Cut into squares. About the pot: My optimum pot is an 8 quart heavy Calphalon stock pot in that it is deep enough to hold the foaming stage and is heavy enough to prevent any scorching. Be sure to use a big enough pot as it will "boil up" at first. Don't do as snowangel did and use a 3 quart pot and got a spill over that took her a long time to clean up. There will be ample leftovers in the pot for the cook to snitch to "honor" the pot. Note: How dark the candy is will depend upon how long you "toast" the milk solids. Also, I have found that the "graininess" of the final product varies batch to batch. This is entirely consistent with what I have eaten over the years. You should have something of a sugar crunch on first bite that then dissolves in the mouth. This is a "rustic" candy, not meant to have the smooth creaminess of a well made fudge. Keywords: Candy, Intermediate, Mexican ( RG790 )

Mexican Burnt Milk Candy (Leche Quemada) There are many variations of this candy. Some add nuts just before pouring into the pan. Pecans are typical. I have also seen it with coconut stirred in. This particular recipe is really pretty easy if you have any candy experience whatsoever. The long cooking time is necessary to "toast" the milk solids. It really isn't a problem since it doesn't require much attention. You just stir it occasionally. Do not try to substitute margarine for the butter. You won't get the added milk solids. 3 c sugar 1 c brown sugar 1/2 c butter 1 can sweetened condensed milk 1 can water Mix all together in a heavy pot. Cook over medium low heat for about 4 hours, stirring occasionally. Start watching it at about 3 1/2 hours. Bring the temperature up to 240F or to the soft ball stage. Remove from the heat and cool to 110F. Beat vigorously with a spoon until it begins to smooth out a bit. This is hard. I have been successful using a Bamix, a fairly powerful stick blender. Turn out into a buttered 8 x 8 inch pan. Allow to cool completely. Cut into squares. About the pot: My optimum pot is an 8 quart heavy Calphalon stock pot in that it is deep enough to hold the foaming stage and is heavy enough to prevent any scorching. Be sure to use a big enough pot as it will "boil up" at first. Don't do as snowangel did and use a 3 quart pot and got a spill over that took her a long time to clean up. There will be ample leftovers in the pot for the cook to snitch to "honor" the pot. Note: How dark the candy is will depend upon how long you "toast" the milk solids. Also, I have found that the "graininess" of the final product varies batch to batch. This is entirely consistent with what I have eaten over the years. You should have something of a sugar crunch on first bite that then dissolves in the mouth. This is a "rustic" candy, not meant to have the smooth creaminess of a well made fudge. Keywords: Candy, Intermediate, Mexican ( RG790 )